Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. The disease primarily impacts motor neurons, which are responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movements such as walking, speaking, eating, and breathing. Over time, ALS leads to muscle weakness, paralysis, and ultimately respiratory failure.

Causes and Risk Factors:

Genetic Factors:

Familial ALS (FALS): Accounts for about 5-10% of ALS cases. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.

  • SOD1 (Superoxide Dismutase 1) Mutation: One of the most common genetic mutations associated with ALS.
  • Other genes implicated: C9orf72, TARDBP, FUS, and UBQLN2.

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